BIO 12 UNIT 1: STUDY NOTES

Proteins: Amino acid monomers with an amine (NH2) group and an acid (COOH) group and an interchangeable "R" group [20], Dipeptides contain a PEPTIDE bond, 4 levels of POLYMERS: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary (each more complex and distinct than the last), PROTEINS (bigger polymer) have at least 50 a.a.

•  Carbohydrates: Composed of MONOSACCHARIDE monomers such as glucose (C6H12O6), contain ester linkages, distinct hexagonal shaped POLYMERS (POLYSACCHARIDES) [Starch, glycogen, cellulose)
• Lipids: Primarily composed of FATTY ACID CHAIN monomers (saturated or unsaturated fats) [HYDRO-CARBON CHAINS THAT END WITH A -COOH ACID GROUP], polymers include TRIGLYCERIDES [3 Fatty acid chains and glycerol], PHOSPHOLIPIDS [2 Fatty acid chains, glycerol, phosphate group/ head-tail structure], STEROIDS [Sterol Ring composition]  
• Nucleic Acids: Nucleotides are the monomers here composed of PHOSPHATE, SUGAR, and NITROGEN BASE, Polymers: DNA, RNA, etc. ~ATP (special nucleotide with 3 P groups) DISTINCT STRUCTURES (i.e. double-helix of DNA)

                                                                                                     ATP