Tuesday 19 June 2012

BIO 12 UNIT 4: Study Notes

INHALATION AND EXHALATION & BREATHING INTERACTIONS

  • INHALATION: Entrance of air into the lungs
    • Active
    • Controlled by medulla oblongata in the brain--> sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm and ribs
    • Lungs expand (inflate)
    • Pleural membranes stretch (allows lungs to freely expand)
    • Intercostal rib muscles contract to move ribs up and out
    • Ribs move up and out increasing thoracic cavity size and decreasing pressure (lower than atmospheric [air] pressure: high (in external air) to low (in body lungs))--> air enters body
    • Diaphragm contracts to increase thoracic cavity size and decrease pressure 
    • Thoracic Cavity size INCREASES 
    • Thoracic Cavity pressure DECREASES 
  • EXHALATION: Exit of air from the lungs
    • Passive
    • Lungs compress (deflate)
    • Pleural membranes relax (constricts lung expansion)
    • Intercostal rib muscles relax to move ribs in and down
    • Ribs move down and in decreasing thoracic cavity size, increases thoracic cavity pressure (higher than atmospheric [air] pressure: high (in body lungs) to low (external air))--> air leaves body
    • Diaphragm relaxes to decrease thoracic cavity size and increase pressure
    • Thoracic Cavity size DECREASES 
    • Thoracic Cavity pressure INCREASES 
VIDEO: :)

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