KEY STRUCTURES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
BLACK: Systematic Circulation
BLUE: Pulmonary Circulation
- Left Atrium: Sends oxygenated blood to the left ventricle via the AV valve (bicuspid/mitral)
- Right Atrium: Sends deoxygenated blood to the right ventricle via the AV valve (tricuspid)
- Left Ventricle: Sends oxygenated blood via the aortic semi-lunar valve to the aorta which in turn distributes blood throughout the body
- Right Ventricle: Sends deoxygenated blood via the pulmonary semi-lunar valve to the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary arteries--> lungs (gas exchange)
- Coronary Arteries and Veins: Part of systematic circuit that are the initial branches off the aorta. Cardiac veins empty into the right atrium (capillary beds (exterior)--> venules--> veins)
- Anterior (Superior) Vena Cava: Sends deoxygenated blood from the upper body (head, chest and arms) to the heart (right atrium)
- Posterior (Inferior) Vena Cava: Sends deoxygenated blood from the lower body (liver, kidneys, intetsines, feet, etc.) to the heart (right atrium)
- Aorta: Sends oxygenated blood throughout the body (organs, tissues, etc.); starts near left ventricle
- Pulmonary Arteries: Sends deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange (stems from pulmonary trunk that stems from the right ventricle)
- Pulmonary Veins: Sends oxygenated blood to the heart (left atrium) from the lungs
- Pulmonary Trunk: Stems from right ventricle and carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the pulmonary arteries that carry it the lungs
- Atrioventricular Valves: Located in between the atrium and ventricle for each side of the heart, allows blood into the ventricle and prevents backflow of blood back into the atria
- RA/RV= Tricuspid AV valve
- LA/LV= Bicuspid/Mitral AV valve
- Chordae Tendineae: Strong fibrous strings that prevent invertion of AV valves (blood goes to wrong chambers)
- Semi-Lunar Valves: Half-moon shaped structures located in between the ventricle and corresponding vessel; prevents backflow of blood back into the ventricle
- Pulmonary: In between the RV and the pulmonary trunk
- Aortic: In between LV and the aorta
- Septum: Separates left from right side of the heart, composed of muscular tissue
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